The impact of spike N501Y mutation on neutralizing activity and RBD binding of SARS-CoV-2 convalescent serum

Editorial Material Immunology

Serum Antibody Profile of a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Reinfection

Kelvin Kai-Wang To et al.

Summary: The patient's coronavirus reinfection did not show serum neutralizing antibodies during the second episode, but high avidity immunoglobulin G were detected within 8 days after hospitalization, indicating a robust immune response.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Early transmissibility assessment of the N501Y mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom, October to November 2020

Kathy Leung et al.

Summary: Two new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 with the N501Y mutation in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein have spread rapidly in the United Kingdom. The 501Y lineage without amino acid deletion Delta 69/Delta 70 was estimated to be 10% more transmissible than the 501N lineage, while the 501Y lineage with amino acid deletion Delta 69/Delta 70 was estimated to be 75% more transmissible than the 501N lineage.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Host and viral determinants for efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human lung

Hin Chu et al.

Summary: Understanding the factors contributing to efficient SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cells can provide insights into the virus's transmissibility and pathogenesis. The study identifies heparan sulfate as an important attachment factor, while sialic acids on ACE2 may restrict efficient spike/ACE2 interaction in lung tissues. Moreover, the presence of a furin-like cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike is crucial for efficient virus replication in human lungs.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant by convalescent and vaccine sera

Piyada Supasa et al.

Summary: Research on the UK-dominant variant B.1.1.7 shows that it is harder to neutralize than the parental virus, but widespread escape from antibodies or monoclonal antibodies has not been observed yet.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extremely potent human monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients

Emanuele Andreano et al.

Summary: Human monoclonal antibodies have been identified as safe, preventive, and therapeutic tools against COVID-19. Through single-cell sorting from COVID-19 survivors, a large number of spike protein-specific memory B cells have been identified, leading to the discovery of highly effective neutralizing antibodies. The most potent monoclonal antibody, engineered to reduce risk and prolong half-life, has been shown to neutralize both the original virus and emerging variants.

CELL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Soluble ACE2-mediated cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system

Man Lung Yeung et al.

Summary: Research has identified the crucial role of human host factors and sACE2 protein in virus dependency factors, cell entry, and other aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and potential treatment strategies.

CELL (2021)

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Article Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 is susceptible to neutralizing antibodies elicited by ancestral spike vaccines

Xiaoying Shen et al.

Summary: Current COVID-19 vaccines target the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, but the emerging B.1.1.7 variant with multiple spike mutations may impact some antibody therapies while posing no major concerns for vaccine efficacy or increased risk of reinfection.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Severe Reinfection With South African Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variant 501Y.V2

Noemie Zucman et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Immunology

S-Variant SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B1.1.7 Is Associated With Significantly Higher Viral Load in Samples Tested by TaqPath Polymerase Chain Reaction

Michael Kidd et al.

Summary: Analysis of recent test data shows that samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 variant B1.1.7 with mutation Delta 69/70 exhibit S gene target failure (SGTF) in ThermoFisher TaqPath RT-qPCR. Samples with SGTF profile are more likely to have higher viral loads, indicating higher infectivity and rapid spread of this variant.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Understanding variants of SARS-CoV-2

Talha Burki

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 evolution during treatment of chronic infection

Steven A. Kemp et al.

Summary: Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to viral evolution and increased resistance to neutralizing antibodies in immunosuppressed individuals treated with convalescent plasma. During convalescent plasma therapy, there were significant shifts in the viral population structure and sensitivity, suggesting strong selection pressure on the virus during treatment.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike 69/70 deletion, E484K and N501Y variants by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited sera

Xuping Xie et al.

Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralizing Activity of BNT162b2-Elicited Serum

Yang Liu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera

Alexander Muik et al.

Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 has emerged in the UK, which is more transmissible and faster spreading than other strains. However, a study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine offers largely preserved protection against the B.1.1.7 lineage, despite some reduced neutralizing titers.

SCIENCE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Novavax vaccine efficacy is 86% against UK variant and 60% against South African variant

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

Matthew McCallum et al.

Summary: The study identifies 41 human monoclonal antibodies that recognize the N-terminal domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and exhibit strong neutralizing activity. These antibodies inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect animals from virus challenge, highlighting the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing antibodies for protective immunity and vaccine development. Several SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the NTD supersite suggest ongoing selective pressure on the virus.

CELL (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-reactive serum and memory B-cell responses to spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronavirus infection

Ge Song et al.

Summary: This study examines the impact of pre-existing immunity to seasonal endemic coronaviruses on antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, finding weak evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive serum antibodies in pre-pandemic donors, but evidence of pre-existing cross-reactive memory B cells activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Monoclonal antibodies show varying degrees of cross-reactivity with betacoronaviruses, and one neutralizing antibody specific to the S2 subunit of the S protein is identified, suggesting that pre-existing immunity to endemic coronaviruses should be considered in evaluating antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Germline IGHV3-53-encoded RBD-targeting neutralizing antibodies are commonly present in the antibody repertoires of COVID-19 patients

Qihong Yan et al.

Summary: Recent research has shown an increase in shared VH3-53-encoded antibodies targeting RBD in COVID-19 patients' antibody repertoires post-infection, with the identification of a highly shared VH3-53-J6 clonotype. These antibodies possess RBD binding and virus-neutralizing activities, recognizing the ACE2 binding site via the same molecular interface.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape

William T. Harvey et al.

Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal