Crosstalk between γδ T cells and the microbiota

The role of the microbiota in the development and function of gamma delta T cells-a T cell subset characterized by a T cell receptor composed of one gamma-chain and one delta-chain-has been investigated in multiple organs in mice and humans. Interactions between the microbiota and gamma delta T cells affect both tissue homeostasis and disease pathologies. Notably, microbiota-induced interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing-gamma delta T cells can mediate a range of immunological processes, from metabolic disorders to neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis. However, the bidirectional interactions between gamma delta T cells and the microbiota have not been fully determined. In this Perspective, we dissect the roles of microbiota in modulating gamma delta T cell development and function, and evaluate the evidence for gamma delta T cell selection of commensal communities. We also discuss the potential implications of these cells in health and disease and the major open questions and research avenues in the field.

Automated summary

The interactions between microbiota and gamma delta T cells impact tissue homeostasis and disease pathology, with microbiota-induced IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells playing a role in various immunological processes. However, the reciprocal interactions between gamma delta T cells and microbiota remain to be fully elucidated.