A novel nanotechnological strategy for obtaining fat-reduced cookies in bakery industry: Revealing of sensory, physical properties, and fatty acid profile of cookies prepared with oil-based nanoemulsions

The present study aimed that the fat reduction in cookies without compromising the desired properties. Oil-loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) with a diameter of 169.8-363.4 nm were fabricated and added to the formulation. The spread ratio was increased from 5.17 to 7.84. Hardness was decreased by approximately 18.40-40.27%. The total ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of control was determined to be 63.35% and 36.64%, respectively. In the case of the NE incorporated cookies, the level of unsaturated fatty acids was increased up to around 42.60-56.54%. The level of saturated fatty acids was reduced to 35.59-57.39%. The sensory properties of the cookies including only 2 g nano-size oil were better than those of the control cookies. Although the fat amount was reduced in NE-containing samples, the greasiness perception of cookie samples was not changed. Consequently, according to the results of the sensory assessment, coconut oil-incorporated cookies were the most favorable in terms of overall quality, greasiness perception, flavor, and buying predisposition. The present study can play a guiding role for further studies in the bakery industry.

Automated summary

By adding nanoemulsions, the fat content in cookies can be reduced without compromising the desired properties. The cookies with nano-oil added had a higher spread ratio and lower hardness compared to the control group. The fatty acid composition in cookies changed with the addition of nano-oil, leading to improved sensory properties.