期刊
REDOX BIOLOGY
卷 45, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102026
关键词
Palmitic acid; Mitochondria; Glycolysis; Oxidative stress; Reactive oxygen species
资金
- Centro de Pesquisa, Inovacao e Difusao de Processos Redox em Biomedicina (CEPID Redoxoma) grant [2013/07937-8]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2015/25862-0, 2019/05226-3, 2019/18402-4]
- MINECO [SAF2016-75246R]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2017SGR1015]
- CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)
- Fundacion Ramon Areces [CIVP18A3942]
- Fundacion BBVA
- Fundacio Marato de TV3 [20132330]
- CAPES
Exposure to toxic levels of fatty acids leads to cell damage and death, contributing to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Lipotoxicity induces changes in mitochondrial morphology and increases glycolytic flux in cells, while oxidative phosphorylation remains unchanged.
Exposure to toxic levels of fatty acids (lipotoxicity) leads to cell damage and death and is involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Since the metabolic consequences of lipotoxicity are still poorly understood, we studied the bioenergetic effects of the saturated fatty acid palmitate, quantifying changes in mitochondrial morphology, real-time oxygen consumption, ATP production sources, and extracellular acidification in hepatoma cells. Surprisingly, glycolysis was enhanced by the presence of palmitate as soon as 1 h after stimulus, while oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation were unchanged, despite overt mitochondrial fragmentation. Palmitate only induced mitochondrial fragmentation if glucose and glutamine were available, while glycolytic enhancement did not require glutamine, showing it is independent of mitochondrial morphological changes. Redox state was altered by palmitate, as indicated by NAD(P)H quantification. Furthermore, the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoquinone, or a selective inhibitor of complex I electron leakage (S1QEL) further enhanced palmitate-induced glycolysis. Our results demonstrate that palmitate overload and lipotoxicity involves an unexpected and early increase in glycolytic flux, while, surprisingly, no changes in oxidative phosphorylation are observed. Interestingly, enhanced glycolysis involves signaling by mitochondrially-generated oxidants, uncovering a novel regulatory mechanism for this pathway.
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