期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694833
关键词
CD4(+)T cell; effector T cell; regulatory T cell (Treg); T follicular helper cell (Tfh); T follicular regulatory cell (Tfr); lineage programming; plasticity; colorectal carcinoma
类别
资金
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America [347717]
- University of Alabama School of Medicine
The intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the epithelial layer from pathogens and inflammation, which could lead to diseases such as colorectal cancer. CD4(+)T cells have a diverse range of functions in regulating intestinal inflammation, including both suppression and promotion. The heterogeneity of CD4(+)T cells in colorectal cancer and their dynamic responses offer potential opportunities for targeted intervention strategies.
The intestinal immune system has the difficult task of protecting a large environmentally exposed single layer of epithelium from pathogens without allowing inappropriate inflammatory responses. Unmitigated inflammation drives multiple pathologies, including the development of colorectal cancer. CD4(+)T cells mediate both the suppression and promotion of intestinal inflammation. They comprise an array of phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets tailored to a specific inflammatory context. This diversity of form and function is relevant to a broad array of pathologic and physiologic processes. The heterogeneity underlying both effector and regulatory T helper cell responses to colorectal cancer, and its impact on disease progression, is reviewed herein. Importantly, T cell responses are dynamic; they exhibit both quantitative and qualitative changes as the inflammatory context shifts. Recent evidence outlines the role of CD4(+)T cells in colorectal cancer responses and suggests possible mechanisms driving qualitative alterations in anti-cancer immune responses. The heterogeneity of T cells in colorectal cancer, as well as the manner and mechanism by which they change, offer an abundance of opportunities for more specific, and likely effective, interventional strategies.
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