Water and Sediment Bacterial Communities in a Small Mediterranean, Oxygen-Stratified, Saline Lake (Lake Alboraj, SE Spain)

Lake Alboraj, located in southeast Spain, was declared natural Microreserve and included into European Natura-2000 Network due to its contribution to environmental heritage. Unfortunately, the ecological status of the lake has changed dramatically, mainly due to the lowering of water table caused by groundwater abstractions for irrigation. It is a permanent small karstic lake whose surface has reduced in the last decades to nearly the third part of its historical water level. The water column shows a marked seasonal oxycline, that splits an aerobic upper layer (epilimnion) from an anaerobic layer below (hypolimnion). Sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons and applying chemical tools at epilimnion, hypolimnion and sediment, showed a clear gradient in the bacterial community structure, which support the co-existence of assimilatory and dissimilatory microbial mediated reactions. Results allows to infer that microbial stratification could provide various physical and chemical environments at different depths in the water column related to biogeochemical reactions providing N-S-C- recycling processes.

Automated summary

Lake Alboraj in southeast Spain was declared a natural Microreserve and included in the European Natura-2000 Network due to its environmental heritage contribution. However, the lake's ecological status has dramatically changed, largely due to groundwater abstractions for irrigation. Research shows a clear gradient in bacterial community structure in the lake, supporting the co-existence of assimilatory and dissimilatory microbial mediated reactions.