期刊
ADVANCED SCIENCE
卷 8, 期 19, 页码 -出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102043
关键词
adjuvants; drug delivery; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; tumor microenvironment
资金
- National Research Foundation (NRF) - Korean government [SRC-2017R1A5A1014560, NRF-2018M3A9H4078701, NRF-2020R1A2C3006888]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2018M3A9H4078701] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
A novel immune modulating suspension containing inducers of cell death and supra-adjuvants can effectively increase cytotoxic T lymphocytes and alleviate immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment, leading to enhanced T cell infiltration and inhibition of tumor metastasis. This approach shows promise in increasing the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, presenting a new nanotheranostic strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
The deficiency of antigen-specific T cells and the induction of various treatment-induced immunosuppressions still limits the clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy. Although the chemo-immunotherapy adjuvanted with Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist (TLR 7/8a) induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and in situ vaccination effect, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is also significantly increased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN), which offsets the activated antitumor immunity. To address the treatment-induced immunosuppression, an assemblable immune modulating suspension (AIMS) containing ICD inducer (paclitaxel) and supra-adjuvant (immune booster; R848 as a TLR 7/8a, immunosuppression reliever; epacadostat as an IDO inhibitor) is suggested and shows that it increases cytotoxic T lymphocytes and relieves the IDO-related immunosuppression (TGF-beta, IL-10, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells) in both TME and TDLN, by the formation of in situ depot in tumor bed as well as by the efficient migration into TDLN. Local administration of AIMS increases T cell infiltration in both local and distant tumors and significantly inhibits the metastasis of tumors to the lung. Reverting treatment-induced secondary immunosuppression and reshaping cold tumor into hot tumor by AIMS also increases the response rate of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which promises a new nanotheranostic strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
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