Sila-, bora-, thio-, and phosphono-carboxylation of unsaturated compounds with carbon dioxide: An overview

Vicinal difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds is a powerful and reliable strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized skeletons from easily available feedstock alkenes and alkynes. In this context, an enormous effort has been put forth to develop difunctionalizing carboxylations of unsaturated compounds with CO2 as a C1 building block that provides a facile approach to construction of highly functionalized carboxylic acid and derivatives. Among these carboxylation-based difunctionalizations, sila-, bora-, thio-, and phosphonocarboxylation reactions has attracted considerable attention because of wide spectrum of potential synthetic utilities of beta-sila-, bora-, thio-, and phosphono-substituted carboxylic acid derivatives. The objective of this MiniReview is to summarize recent advances and achievements in this attractive research arena with particular emphasis on the mechanistic features of reactions that may provide new insights into catalyst improvement and development.

Automated summary

The vicinal difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds with CO2 as a C1 building block is a powerful strategy for the synthesis of highly functionalized skeletons. This MiniReview summarizes recent advances in this research area, focusing on mechanistic features of reactions for catalyst improvement.