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Epigenetic Changes Induced by Maternal Factors during Fetal Life: Implication for Type 1 Diabetes

期刊

GENES
卷 12, 期 6, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes12060887

关键词

epigenetics; DNA methylation; autoimmune diseases; type 1 diabetes; genomic imprinting; maternal factors

资金

  1. Swedish Research Council [2018-03196]
  2. Barndiabetesfonden (The Swedish Child Diabetes Foundation)
  3. Diabetesfonden
  4. Strategic Research Area Exodiab [2009-1039]
  5. Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [IRC15-0067]
  6. Lund University's APC-fund
  7. Swedish Research Council [2018-03196] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council

向作者/读者索取更多资源

This article discusses the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases and the contribution of environmental factors, highlighting the role of epigenetic changes induced by maternal conditions in preventing type 1 diabetes through adjustment of the maternal environment.
Organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are believed to result from T-cell-mediated damage of the target tissue. The immune-mediated tissue injury, in turn, is known to depend on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms whereby environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remain elusive and represent a major untapped target to develop novel strategies for disease prevention. Given the impact of the early environment on the developing immune system, epigenetic changes induced by maternal factors during fetal life have been linked to a likelihood of developing an autoimmune disease later in life. In humans, DNA methylation is the epigenetic mechanism most extensively investigated. This review provides an overview of the critical role of DNA methylation changes induced by prenatal maternal conditions contributing to the increased risk of immune-mediated diseases on the offspring, with a particular focus on T1D. A deeper understanding of epigenetic alterations induced by environmental stressors during fetal life may be pivotal for developing targeted prevention strategies of type 1 diabetes by modifying the maternal environment.

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