Tungsten-Based Catalysts for Environmental Applications

This review aims to give a general overview of the recent use of tungsten-based catalysts for wide environmental applications, with first some useful background information about tungsten oxides. Tungsten oxide materials exhibit suitable behaviors for surface reactions and catalysis such as acidic properties (mainly Bronsted sites), redox and adsorption properties (due to the presence of oxygen vacancies) and a photostimulation response under visible light (2.6-2.8 eV bandgap). Depending on the operating condition of the catalytic process, each of these behaviors is tunable by controlling structure and morphology (e.g., nanoplates, nanosheets, nanorods, nanowires, nanomesh, microflowers, hollow nanospheres) and/or interactions with other compounds such as conductors (carbon), semiconductors or other oxides (e.g., TiO2) and precious metals. WOx particles can be also dispersed on high specific surface area supports. Based on these behaviors, WO3-based catalysts were developed for numerous environmental applications. This review is divided into five main parts: structure of tungsten-based catalysts, acidity of supported tungsten oxide catalysts, WO3 catalysts for DeNO(x) applications, total oxidation of volatile organic compounds in gas phase and gas sensors and pollutant remediation in liquid phase (photocatalysis).

Automated summary

This review provides a general overview of the recent use of tungsten-based catalysts for various environmental applications, highlighting the tunable behaviors of tungsten oxide materials and their interactions with other compounds. The review is divided into five main parts, covering the structure, acidity, and applications of WO3-based catalysts in environmental remediation.