期刊
MICROMACHINES
卷 12, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/mi12070842
关键词
liver-on-a-chip; hepatocytes; induced pluripotent stem cell; infectious diseases; hepatitis virus; malaria
类别
资金
- Research Career Development Grant of the Thailand Science Research and Innovation
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
- Mahidol University [RSA6280102]
The liver is a critical organ targeted by life-threatening pathogens and influences drug responses and drug-induced liver injury. Personalized medicine is important due to individual variations in host factors. Advances in stem cell and bioengineering technologies are leading to the development of more physiologically relevant liver models.
The liver is a target organ of life-threatening pathogens and prominently contributes to the variation in drug responses and drug-induced liver injury among patients. Currently available drugs significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality of liver-dwelling pathogens worldwide; however, emerging clinical evidence reveals the importance of host factors in the design of safe and effective therapies for individuals, known as personalized medicine. Given the primary adherence of cells in conventional two-dimensional culture, the use of these one-size-fit-to-all models in preclinical drug development can lead to substantial failures in assessing therapeutic safety and efficacy. Advances in stem cell biology, bioengineering and material sciences allow us to develop a more physiologically relevant model that is capable of recapitulating the human liver. This report reviews the current use of liver-on-a-chip models of hepatotropic infectious diseases in the context of precision medicine including hepatitis virus and malaria parasites, assesses patient-specific responses to antiviral drugs, and designs personalized therapeutic treatments to address the need for a personalized liver-like model. Second, most organs-on-chips lack a monitoring system for cell functions in real time; thus, the review discusses recent advances and challenges in combining liver-on-a-chip technology with biosensors for assessing hepatocyte viability and functions. Prospectively, the biosensor-integrated liver-on-a-chip device would provide novel biological insights that could accelerate the development of novel therapeutic compounds.
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