4.6 Article

Assessing METland Design and Performance Through LCA: Techno-Environmental Study With Multifunctional Unit Perspective

期刊

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652173

关键词

life cycle assessment; METland; Net Environmental Balance; Funtional Unit; wastewater treatment; treatment wetlands; constructed wetland; principal component analysis

资金

  1. European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [826244]
  2. Industrial Ph.D. fellowship program from the Regional Government of Madrid [IND2017/AMB-7648]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The study evaluated two operation modes of a full-scale METland in wastewater treatment, with the aerobic mode showing the highest removal rates for organic pollutants and nitrogen, and being the most environmentally friendly design. METland demonstrated higher efficiency in wastewater treatment compared to constructed wetland, with an increased capacity per surface area without external energy use.
Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are costly and energy demanding; such issues are especially remarkable when small communities have to clean up their pollutants. In response to these requirements, a new variety of nature-based solution, so-called METland, has been recently develop by using concepts from Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (MET) to outperform classical constructed wetland regarding wastewater treatment. Thus, the current study evaluates two operation modes (aerobic and aerobic-anoxic) of a full-scale METland, including a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) conducted under a Net Environmental Balance perspective. Moreover, a combined technical and environmental analysis using a Net Eutrophication Balance (NEuB) focus concluded that the downflow (aerobic) mode achieved the highest removal rates for both organic pollutant and nitrogen, and it was revealed as the most environmentally friendly design. Actually, aerobic configuration outperformed anaero/aero-mixed mode in a fold-range from 9 to 30%. LCA was indeed recalculated under diverse Functional Units (FU) to determine the influence of each FU in the impacts. Furthermore, in comparison with constructed wetland, METland showed a remarkable increase in wastewater treatment capacity per surface area (0.6 m(2)/pe) without using external energy. Specifically, these results suggest that aerobic-anoxic configuration could be more environmentally friendly under specific situations where high N removal is required. The removal rates achieved demonstrated a robust adaptation to influent variations, revealing a removal average of 92% of Biology Oxygen Demand (BOD), 90% of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), 40% of total nitrogen (TN), and 30% of total phosphorus (TP). Moreover, regarding the global warming category, the overall impact was 75% lower compared to other conventional treatments like activated sludge. In conclusion, the LCA revealed that METland appears as ideal solution for rural areas, considering the low energy requirements and high efficiency to remove organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphates from urban wastewater.

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