期刊
ATMOSPHERE
卷 12, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/atmos12080946
关键词
COVID-19; nitrogen dioxide; volatile organic compounds; formaldehyde; anthropogenic emissions; atmospheric modeling
资金
- European Space Agency - Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) [2019-2023]
- European Space Agency (ESA) [2019-2021, 2020-2021]
- ESA through the ProDEx TRACE-S5P project
- BIRA-IASB [(S5p MPC)]
- ESA/ESRIN
- BELSPO, BIRA-IASB [4000117151/16/ILG]
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR)
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France)
- project OCTAVE of the Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks (BRAIN-be) [2017-2021, BR/175/A2/OCTAVE]
- IASI.Flow Prodex arrangement
- F.R.S.-FNRS
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council [T24-504/17-N, A-555PolyU502/16]
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
- [nffi 1852977]
China was the first country to implement large-scale lockdown measures in response to the pandemic in early 2020, leading to a decrease in pollutant emissions. Spaceborne observations and model simulations showed changes in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic compounds, with meteorological variability and biogenic emissions playing a role in influencing these changes.
China was the first country to undergo large-scale lockdowns in response to the pandemic in early 2020 and a progressive return to normalization after April 2020. Spaceborne observations of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), including formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), reveal important changes over China in 2020, relative to 2019, in response to the pandemic-induced shutdown and the subsequent drop in pollutant emissions. In February, at the peak of the shutdown, the observed declines in OVOC levels were generally weaker (less than 20%) compared to the observed NO2 reductions (-40%). In May 2020, the observations reveal moderate decreases in NO2 (-15%) and PAN (-21%), small changes in CHOCHO (-3%) and HCHO (6%). Model simulations using the regional model MAGRITTEv1.1 with anthropogenic emissions accounting for the reductions due to the pandemic explain to a large extent the observed changes in lockdown-affected regions. The model results suggest that meteorological variability accounts for a minor but non-negligible part (similar to-5%) of the observed changes for NO2, whereas it is negligible for CHOCHO but plays a more substantial role for HCHO and PAN, especially in May. The interannual variability of biogenic and biomass burning emissions also contribute to the observed variations, explaining e.g., the important column increases of NO2 and OVOCs in February 2020, relative to 2019. These changes are well captured by the model simulations.
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