Nafion/Surface Modified Ceria Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Low chemical durability of proton exchange membranes is one the main factors limiting their lifetime in fuel cells. Ceria nanoparticles are the most common free radical scavengers. In this work, hybrid membranes based on Nafion-117 membrane and sulfonic or phosphoric acid functionalized ceria synthesized from various precursors were prepared by the in situ method for the first time. Ceria introduction led to a slight decrease in conductivity of hybrid membranes in contact with water. At the same time, conductivity of membranes containing sulfonic acid modified ceria exceeded that of the pristine Nafion-117 membrane at 30% relative humidity (RH). Hydrogen permeability decreased for composite membranes with ceria synthesized from cerium (III) nitrate, which correlates with their water uptake. In hydrogen-air fuel cells, membrane electrode assembly fabricated with the hybrid membrane containing ceria synthesized from cerium (IV) sulfate exhibited a peak power density of 433 mW/cm(2) at a current density of 1080 mA/cm(2), while operating at 60 degrees C and 70% RH. It was 1.5 times higher than for the pristine Nafion-117 membrane (287 mW/cm(2) at a current density of 714 mA/cm(2)).

Automated summary

The low chemical durability of proton exchange membranes limits their lifetime in fuel cells, but introducing ceria nanoparticles can improve performance. Hybrid membranes based on Nafion-117 membrane and sulfonic or phosphoric acid functionalized ceria were synthesized for the first time, with membranes containing sulfonic acid modified ceria showing increased conductivity at 30% RH. Fuel cells using membranes with ceria synthesized from cerium (IV) sulfate exhibited significantly higher peak power density compared to pristine Nafion-117 membranes.