Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Rapid Antigen and by Three Commercial RT-qPCR Tests: A Study from Martin University Hospital in Slovakia

Letter Infectious Diseases

RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: quantitative versus qualitative

Mi Seon Han et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Pathology

Preanalytical issues affecting the diagnosis of COVID-19

Daniel Payne et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Surgery

Clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in solid organ transplant recipients

David C. Gaston et al.

Summary: Research on SOT recipients suggests that the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 virus in this population and that C-T values may not predict the severity of COVID-19 but may be more useful in guiding infection prevention measures.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION (2021)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Ct values from SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR assays should not be used as direct estimates of viral load

Elias Dahdouh et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Current methods for diagnosis of human coronaviruses: pros and cons

Mercy R. Benzigar et al.

Summary: The article discusses the current global efforts in combating the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the development of early diagnostic tools to understand the transmission and infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 virus. It also introduces the transmission of different types of coronaviruses among humans, as well as diagnostic methods for these coronaviruses.

ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2: a new dimension to our understanding of coronaviruses

Yusha Araf et al.

Summary: Coronaviruses have become a significant global health threat since the twenty-first century, with outbreaks of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 causing widespread concern. While MERS-CoV has limited transmission, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread globally, resulting in numerous cases and deaths. The differences in genome composition, site of infection, and transmissibility among SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses highlight the potential factors contributing to the varying deadly patterns of the virus.

INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A new SYBR Green real-time PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2

D. R. Marinowic et al.

Summary: A low-cost, highly specific method for SARS-CoV-2 detection has been successfully developed using the SYBR Green RT-PCR method, with the ability to screen out negative cases and high safety and efficacy. Optimization of experimental parameters achieved high specificity of PCR products, providing technical support for large-scale screening.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Microbiology

A Comprehensive Review of Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2

Aziz Eftekhari et al.

Summary: This paper summarizes promising methods for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection, discussing the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques, and highlighting potential approaches for developing additional techniques for early and fast detection of SARS-CoV-2.

MICROORGANISMS (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Caution in interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 quantification based on RT-PCR cycle threshold value

Aurelie Schnuriger et al.

Summary: The study revealed significant discrepancies in cycle threshold RT-PCR results between different techniques during the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assays. These differences were found to impact the accuracy of results, highlighting the importance of considering the influence of technical factors on RT-PCR results.

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid coronavirus tests: a guide for the perplexed

Giorgia Guglielmi

Summary: Scientists are still debating whether millions of cheap, fast diagnostic kits will help control the pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Development of a multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay for on-site diagnosis of SARS CoV-2

Woong Sik Jang et al.

Summary: In this study, three RT-LAMP primer sets were designed for detecting different genes of SARS CoV-2. It was found that the detection limits of two primer sets were low, showing comparable sensitivity to other widely used detection methods.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Functional and genetic analysis of viral receptor ACE2 orthologs reveals a broad potential host range of SARS-CoV-2

Yinghui Liu et al.

Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2, but the host range and intermediate hosts for transmission are unknown. This study characterized the ability of ACE2 from various species to support viral entry, suggesting a potentially broad host tropism of SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of ACE2 orthologs revealed that New World monkey ACE2 could not support viral entry, with genetic determinants restricting this interaction.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England

Nicholas G. Davies et al.

Summary: A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged in England, with a higher reproduction number and potential for large resurgences of COVID-19 cases. Without stringent control measures, it is projected that COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths in England for the first 6 months of 2021 will exceed those in 2020. The variant has spread globally and exhibited similar transmission increases in Denmark, Switzerland, and the United States.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

COVID-19 Antibody Tests: A Valuable Public Health Tool with Limited Relevanace to Individuals

Rachel West et al.

Summary: Antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 have many uses for public health decisions, but current demand comes mostly from individuals. However, due to uncertainty about the tests and their implications for immunity, positive results should not influence individual decisions, and antibody testing should remain a public health tool.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-based rapid diagnostic kits in Pakistan: formulation of COVID-19 national testing strategy

Umar Saeed et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the performance of NSP-RDT and saliva based RDT, showing higher reactivity in NSP-RDT but significantly more false negative results in saliva based RDT. The sensitivity of these methods were 52% and 21% respectively, indicating lower sensitivity compared to the gold standard RT-PCR.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Virology

Diagnostic SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Value Predicts Disease Severity, Survival, and Six-Month Sequelae in COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients

Mattia Trunfio et al.

Summary: This study found that the SARS-CoV-2 Ct value at diagnosis could predict disease severity, number of symptoms, and six-month sequelae in COVID-19 patients. Early quantification of SARS-CoV-2 may be a useful predictive marker to inform differential strategies of clinical management and resource allocation.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Put to the test: use of rapid testing technologies for covid-19

Alex Crozier et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Risk of mortality in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/1: matched cohort study

Robert Challen et al.

Summary: The study found that the mortality hazard ratio associated with infection with VOC-202012/1 compared with previously circulating variants was 1.64, indicating an increase in deaths from 2.5 to 4.1 per 1000 detected cases in comparatively low risk group of covid-19 patients in the community. This suggests that infection with VOC-202012/1 may lead to substantial additional mortality compared with previously circulating variants, impacting healthcare capacity planning and control policies.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats created a generalist virus and highly capable human pathogen

Oscar A. MacLean et al.

Summary: The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 has undergone limited significant adaptation to humans, with evidence of moderate positive selection concentrated in the early phases of the pandemic. In contrast, bat Sarbecoviruses show evidence of significant positive selection and an adaptive depletion in CpG composition. This indicates that the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 likely acquired efficient human-human transmission capabilities through evolutionary history in bats, leading to the emergence of a relatively generalist virus.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Preanalytical Issues and Cycle Threshold Values in SARS-CoV-2 Real-Time RT-PCR Testing: Should Test Results Include These?

Ilka Engelmann et al.

Summary: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, clinical laboratories have been overwhelmed with testing, leading to shortages in reagents. Different viral inactivation procedures and transport buffers can help alleviate the bottleneck for PCR-based methods. However, finding efficient alternative lysis buffers remains challenging, especially in the current crisis.

ACS OMEGA (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Comparative evaluation of four SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests in hospitalized patients

Lis Thommes et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the clinical performance of four commercially available antigen tests in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Most antigen tests had sufficient sensitivity to identify subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 and with transmissible infection, but may not accurately identify patients who have lost infectivity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The impact of population-wide rapid antigen testing on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Slovakia

Martin Pavelka et al.

Summary: Slovakia conducted multiple rounds of population-wide rapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 in late 2020, with observed prevalence decreasing by 58% within 1 week in counties subject to two rounds of mass testing. This decrease was not solely explained by infection control measures, but also required the isolation and quarantine of household members of those testing positive.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

No correlation between Ct values and severity of disease or mortality in patients with COVID 19 disease

Sweta Shah et al.

Summary: In the study, it was found that Ct values of RT-PCR assays for COVID-19 are associated with disease severity and mortality. Patients with lower Ct values tended to have more severe illness and shorter duration of symptoms before testing. It is recommended to consider the time of testing since onset of symptoms when correlating Ct values with disease severity.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Insight into the practical performance of RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 using serological data: a cohort study

Zhen Zhang et al.

Summary: The study in Shenzhen, China, found a substantial proportion of undetected SARS-CoV-2 infections among PCR-negative close contacts as well as in the community. PCR testing protocols may miss infected individuals, but comprehensive surveillance and control measures, including rapid contact tracing, universal testing, and mandatory quarantine, proved effective in containing community spread.

LANCET MICROBE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

On Pilot Massive COVID-19 Testing by Antigen Tests in Europe. Case Study: Slovakia

Jaroslav Frnda et al.

Summary: This paper examines the mass COVID-19 testing of almost the entire population in Slovakia using antigen tests, analyzing the effectiveness of the testing as well as the potential benefits and weaknesses. The study shows that antigen testing in hotspots can significantly reduce daily new reported cases, but its benefits in low-risk regions are questionable, and the proportion of true and false-positive cases in regions with low infection rates could only be estimated due to lack of validation by RT-PCR tests.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE REPORTS (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: A recent mini review

Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman et al.

Summary: COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, is a global pandemic that is ongoing. Despite the repurposing of several drugs, no specific antiviral medication has been approved for treatment yet.

COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Virology