期刊
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
卷 15, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.699691
关键词
neurodevelopmental disorder; depression; animal model; dopamine; serotonin; p-factor
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [2020R1F1A1048370]
- Ministry of Education [NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028486]
- JSPS [19K22511]
- Ichiro Kanehara Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Sciences and Medical Care
- Institute of Seizon and Life Sciences
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2020R1F1A1048370] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K22511] Funding Source: KAKEN
ADHD and MDD, two seemingly unrelated psychiatric disorders, are actually associated with each other and exhibit high comorbidity rates. Genetic studies have shown substantial overlaps of susceptibility genes between the two disorders. The hypothesis proposes that habenula dysfunction may play a key role in both ADHD and MDD, with hyperactivity in response to stress potentially increasing vulnerability to MDD in adulthood.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset, neurodevelopmental disorder, whereas major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mood disorder that typically emerges in adulthood. Accumulating evidence suggests that these seemingly unrelated psychiatric disorders, whose symptoms even appear antithetical [e.g., psychomotor retardation in depression vs. hyperactivity (psychomotor acceleration) in ADHD], are in fact associated with each other. Thus, individuals with ADHD exhibit high comorbidity with MDD later in life. Moreover, genetic studies have shown substantial overlaps of susceptibility genes between ADHD and MDD. Here, we propose a novel and testable hypothesis that the habenula, the epithalamic brain region important for the regulation of monoamine transmission, may be involved in both ADHD and MDD. The hypothesis suggests that an initially hypoactive habenula during childhood in individuals with ADHD may undergo compensatory changes during development, priming the habenula to be hyperactive in response to stress exposure and thereby increasing vulnerability to MDD in adulthood. Moreover, we propose a new perspective on habenular deficits in psychiatric disorders that consider the habenula a neural substrate that could explain multiple psychiatric disorders.
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