The CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 fusion transcript regulates human neocortical development

Fusion transcripts or RNAs have been found in both disordered and healthy human tissues and cells; however, their physiological functions in the brain development remain unknown. In the analysis of deposited RNA-sequence libraries covering early to middle embryonic stages, we identify 1,055 fusion transcripts present in the developing neocortex. Interestingly, 98 fusion transcripts exhibit distinct expression patterns in various neural progenitors (NPs) or neurons. We focus on CTNNBIP1-CLSTN1 (CTCL), which is enriched in outer radial glial cells that contribute to cortex expansion during human evolution. Intriguingly, downregulation of CTCL in cultured human cerebral organoids causes marked reduction in NPs and precocious neuronal differentiation, leading to impairment of organoid growth. Furthermore, the expression of CTCL fine-tunes Wnt/beta-catenin signaling that controls cortex patterning. Together, this work provides evidence indicating important roles of fusion transcript in human brain development and evolution.

Automated summary

The study identified numerous fusion transcripts in the developing neocortex, with CTCL playing a crucial role in cortex expansion by enriching in outer radial glial cells. Downregulation of CTCL resulted in reduced neural progenitors and premature neuronal differentiation, affecting organoid growth. Additionally, CTCL fine-tunes Wnt/beta-catenin signaling that controls cortex patterning.