CD27- CD38+ B cells accumulated in early HIV infection exhibit transitional profile and promote HIV disease progression

Although peripheral B cell dysfunction in early HIV infection is established, how B cell subsets are altered by HIV infection is poorly understood. While investigating B cell subsets among individuals recently infected with HIV, we observe an accumulation of CD27(-) CD38(+) B cells and find that these cells can directly facilitate HIV infection of primary CD4(+) T cells in vitro. Comprehensive analyses of the phenotype, function, and transcriptome of the CD27(-) CD38(+) B cell subset is conducted compared with memory and naive B cells. We find that the CD27(-) CD38(+) B cells exhibit a transitional B cell phenotype and an extremely high turnover rate. Importantly, individuals with higher proportions of CD27(-) CD38(+) B cells during early HIV infection tend to become rapid progressors in the chronic infection stage. In this study, we identify a peripheral transitional B cell subset that accumulates during early HIV infection and may contribute to disease progression.

Automated summary

Research reveals an accumulation of CD27(-) CD38(+) B cell subset during early HIV infection, which may contribute to disease progression. Individuals with higher proportions of these B cells tend to progress rapidly to chronic infection stage.