High-Throughput Transcriptional Characterization of Regulatory Sequences from Bacterial Biosynthetic Gene Clusters

Recent efforts to sequence, survey, and functionally characterize the diverse biosynthetic capabilities of bacteria have identified numerous Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs). Genes found within BGCs are typically transcriptionally silent, suggesting their expression is tightly regulated. To better elucidate the underlying mechanisms and principles that govern BGC regulation on a DNA sequence level, we employed high-throughput DNA synthesis and multiplexed reporter assays to build and to characterize a library of BGC- derived regulatory sequences. Regulatory sequence transcription levels were measured in the Actinobacteria Streptomyces albidoflavus J1074, a popular model strain from a genus rich in BGC diversity. Transcriptional activities varied over 1000-fold in range and were used to identify key features associated with expression, including GC content, transcription start sites, and sequence motifs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transcription levels could be modulated through coexpression of global regulatory proteins. Lastly, we developed and optimized a S. albidof lavus cell-free expression system for rapid characterization of regulatory sequences. This work helps to elucidate the regulatory landscape of BGCs and provides a diverse library of characterized regulatory sequences for rational engineering and activation of cryptic BGCs.

Automated summary

Recent efforts have identified numerous Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) in bacteria, with genes within BGCs typically being transcriptionally silent. This study used high-throughput DNA synthesis and multiplexed reporter assays to build and characterize a library of BGC-derived regulatory sequences, measuring transcription levels in the Actinobacteria Streptomyces albidoflavus J1074 to identify key features associated with expression. It was also demonstrated that transcription levels could be modulated through coexpression of global regulatory proteins, providing insights into the regulatory landscape of BGCs.