Tumefactive Demyelination Appearing as Multiple Cystic Brain Lesions

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are a rare sequelae of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Their propensity to mimic tumor and abscess poses a diagnostic challenge for the clinician. Our case depicts TDLs causing right-hand focal sensory seizures in an otherwise healthy 35-year-old female. The differential diagnosis of metastatic disease and infection were excluded on histology. Ensuing magnetic resonance imaging of the cord, in addition to cerebral spinal fluid analysis, supported the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases. This case highlights the need to consider the rare diagnosis of TDL when imaging shows cystic brain lesions in an otherwise healthy young adult.

Automated summary

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) are rare sequelae of idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases, often mimicking tumors and abscesses. This case emphasizes the importance of considering the rare diagnosis of TDL in otherwise healthy young adults with cystic brain lesions on imaging.