期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061865
关键词
monosodium glutamate; gut microbiota; metabolic pathway; metabolomics; microbiome; trimethylamine
资金
- The Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (RGJ-Ph.D. Program) [PHD/0124/2558]
- Khon Kaen University, Thailand [2559/4]
- Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University [I56205]
- Chronic Kidney Disease Northeast Thailand (CKDNET) research group [CKDNET 2562]
- MRC New Investigator Grant [MR/P002536/1]
- ERC Starting Grant [715662]
The consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) was found to impact the metabolism in the liver and kidneys of rats, leading to changes in various metabolites levels. Additionally, alterations in the gut microbiome were observed, potentially mediating the effects on kidney health.
The short- and long-term consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) increases urinary pH but the effects on the metabolic pathways in the liver, kidney and the gut microbiota remain unknown. To address this issue, we investigated adult male Wistar rats allocated to receive drinking water with or without 1 g% MSG for 2 weeks (n = 10, each). We performed a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomic study of the jejunum, liver, and kidneys, while faecal samples were collected for bacterial DNA extraction to investigate the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed significant changes in the liver of MSG-treated rats compared to controls in the levels of glucose, pyridoxine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, kynurenate, and nicotinamide. Among kidney metabolites, the level of trimethylamine (TMA) was increased, and pyridoxine was decreased after MSG-treatment. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that MSG-treated rats had increased Firmicutes, the gut bacteria associated with TMA metabolism, along with decreased Bifidobacterium species. Our data support the impact of MSG consumption on liver and kidney metabolism. Based on the gut microbiome changes, we speculate that TMA and its metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) may be mediators of the effects of MSG on the kidney health.
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