期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 13, 期 6, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13061954
关键词
women of reproductive age; Latin America; intake; vitamin E; vitamin C
资金
- Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo from the Government of Chile through Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico (FONDECYT) [1180347]
- Coca Cola Company
- Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara
- International Life Science Institute of Argentina
- Universidad de Costa Rica
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
- Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundacion Bengoa
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito
- Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional de Peru
Research found that vitamin E intake is inadequate in Latin American women of reproductive age, while vitamin C intake is relatively sufficient. The main food sources of vitamin E are fats and oils, as well as vegetables, while vitamin C intake is mainly from fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Additionally, a third of Latin American women were found to have deficient intake of both vitamins, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutricion y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins' consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.
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