期刊
MATERIALS
卷 14, 期 16, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma14164683
关键词
graphite; diffusion coefficient; galvanostatic intermittent titration technique; quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential; lithium-ion battery
类别
资金
- Research Funds of Mokpo National University
Graphite is commonly used as an anode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries due to its reversible lithium-ion storage capability and low electrode potential. However, the sluggish diffusion kinetics of graphite anodes limit the rate capability of lithium-ion batteries. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in commercial graphite anodes can be determined using a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, revealing mixed phases during lithium intercalation/deintercalation.
Graphite is used as a state-of-the-art anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its highly reversible lithium-ion storage capability and low electrode potential. However, graphite anodes exhibit sluggish diffusion kinetics for lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation, thus limiting the rate capability of commercial LIBs. In order to determine the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient of commercial graphite anodes, we employed a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) to quantify the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential and diffusion coefficient as a function of lithium-ion concentration and potential for a commercial graphite electrode. Three plateaus are observed in the quasi-equilibrium open circuit potential curves, which are indicative of a mixed phase upon lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation. The obtained diffusion coefficients tend to increase with increasing lithium concentration and exhibit an insignificant difference between charge and discharge conditions. This study reveals that the diffusion coefficient of graphite obtained with the GITT (1 x 10(-11) cm(2)/s to 4 x 10(-10) cm(2)/s) is in reasonable agreement with literature values obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The GITT is comparatively simple and direct and therefore enables systematic measurements of ion intercalation/deintercalation diffusion coefficients for secondary ion battery materials.
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