4.2 Article

Incongruences between nuclear and plastid phylogenies challenge the identification of correlates of diversification in Gentiana in the European Alpine System

期刊

ALPINE BOTANY
卷 132, 期 1, 页码 29-50

出版社

SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00035-021-00267-6

关键词

Bedrock; Chromosome number; Climate preferences; Correlates of diversification; Flow cytometry; Phylogenetics; Relative genome size

资金

  1. German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [FA1117/1-2]
  2. Senckenberg Research Institute
  3. Projekt DEAL

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The biodiversity of Gentiana in the European Alpine System is influenced by a combination of factors such as chromosome variation, climatic preferences, and bedrock preferences. These factors play varying roles in the diversification of Gentiana over time and across different clades. Despite phylogenetic incongruences, a complex interaction among climatic, geological, and biotic attributes appear to support the diversification of Gentiana in Europe.
Mountains are reservoirs for a tremendous biodiversity which was fostered by a suite of factors acting in concert throughout evolutionary times. These factors can be climatic, geological, or biotic, but the way they combine through time to generate diversity remains unknown. Here, we investigate these factors as correlates of diversification of three closely related sections of Gentiana in the European Alpine System. Based upon phylogenetic approaches coupled with divergence dating and ancestral state reconstructions, we attempted to identify the role of bedrock preferences, chromosome numbers coupled with relative genome sizes estimates, as well as morphological features through time. We also investigated extant climatic preferences using a heavily curated set of occurrence records individually selected for superior precision, and quantified rates of climatic niche evolution in each section. We found that a number of phylogenetic incongruences derail the identification of correlates of diversification, yet a number of patterns persist regardless of the topology considered. All the studied correlates are likely to have contributed to the diversification of Gentiana in Europe, however, their respective importance varied through time and across clades. Chromosomal variation and divergence of climatic preferences appear to correlate with diversification throughout the evolution of European Gentiana (Oligocene to present), whereas shifts in bedrock preferences appear to have been more defining during recent diversification (Pliocene). Overall, a complex interaction among climatic, geological and biotic attributes appear to have supported the diversification of Gentiana across the mountains of Europe, which based upon phylogenetic as well as other evidence, was probably also bolstered by hybridization.

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