期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 12, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24633-4
关键词
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资金
- KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [20K20947, 20H01965, 17H01172, 16H02246]
- X-ray Free Electron Laser Priority Strategy Programme [12005014, 12005064]
- Quantum Leap Flagship Programme from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology [JPMXS0118067246]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17H01172, 16H02246, 20K20947, 20H01965] Funding Source: KAKEN
This study reveals a nanosecond transformation mechanism that produces ringwoodite, the most typical high-pressure mineral in meteorites. It suggests that even apparently unshocked meteorites could contain evidence of high-pressure states from past collisions.
Meteorites from interplanetary space often include high-pressure polymorphs of their constituent minerals, which provide records of past hypervelocity collisions. These collisions were expected to occur between kilometre-sized asteroids, generating transient high-pressure states lasting for several seconds to facilitate mineral transformations across the relevant phase boundaries. However, their mechanisms in such a short timescale were never experimentally evaluated and remained speculative. Here, we show a nanosecond transformation mechanism yielding ringwoodite, which is the most typical high-pressure mineral in meteorites. An olivine crystal was shock-compressed by a focused high-power laser pulse, and the transformation was time-resolved by femtosecond diffractometry using an X-ray free electron laser. Our results show the formation of ringwoodite through a faster, diffusionless process, suggesting that ringwoodite can form from collisions between much smaller bodies, such as metre to submetre-sized asteroids, at common relative velocities. Even nominally unshocked meteorites could therefore contain signatures of high-pressure states from past collisions. Meteorites from space often include denser polymorphs of their minerals, providing records of past hypervelocity collisions. An olivine mineral crystal was shock-compressed by a high-power laser, and its transformation into denser ringwoodite was time-resolved using an X-ray free electron laser.
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