Light regulates stomatal development by modulating paracrine signaling from inner tissues

Developmental outcomes are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors. The production of stomata-essential pores for gas exchange in plants-is extremely plastic and offers an excellent system to study this interplay at the cell lineage level. For plants, light is a key external cue, and it promotes stomatal development and the accumulation of the master stomatal regulator SPEECHLESS (SPCH). However, how light signals are relayed to influence SPCH remains unknown. Here, we show that the light-regulated transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), a critical regulator for photomorphogenic growth, is present in inner mesophyll cells and directly binds and activates STOMAGEN. STOMAGEN, the mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, in turn stabilizes SPCH in the epidermis, leading to enhanced stomatal production. Our work identifies a molecular link between light signaling and stomatal development that spans two tissue layers and highlights how an environmental signaling factor may coordinate growth across tissue types. Light promotes stomatal development in plants. Here Wang et al. show that light stimulates stomatal development via the HY5 transcription factor which induces expression of STOMAGEN, a mesophyll-derived secreted peptide, that in turn leads to stabilization of a master regulator of stomatal development in the epidermis.

Automated summary

Developmental outcomes in plants are shaped by the interplay between intrinsic and external factors, with light playing a key role in promoting stomatal development. The study by Wang et al. reveals that the light-regulated transcription factor HY5 activates the expression of STOMAGEN, a mesophyll-derived secreted peptide that stabilizes the master regulator of stomatal development in the epidermis, leading to enhanced stomatal production. This work highlights a molecular link between light signaling and stomatal development across different tissue layers.