Mitochondrial compartmentalization: emerging themes in structure and function

Within cellular structures, compartmentalization is the concept of spatial segregation of macromolecules, metabolites, and biochemical pathways. Therefore, this concept bridges organellar structure and function. Mitochondria are morphologically complex, partitioned into several subcompartments by a topologically elaborate two-membrane system. They are also dynamically polymorphic, undergoing morphogenesis events with an extent and frequency that is only now being appreciated. Thus, mitochondrial compartmentalization is something that must be considered both spatially and temporally. Here, we review new developments in how mitochondrial structure is established and regulated, the factors that underpin the distribution of lipids and proteins, and how they spatially demarcate locations of myriad mitochondrial processes. Consistent with its pre-eminence, disturbed mitochondrial compartmentalization contributes to the dysfunction associated with heritable and aging-related diseases.

Automated summary

Compartmentalization within cellular structures refers to the spatial segregation of macromolecules, metabolites, and biochemical pathways, bridging organellar structure and function. Mitochondria, with their morphological complexity and dynamic polymorphism, undergo morphogenesis events that must be considered both spatially and temporally. Disturbance in mitochondrial compartmentalization can lead to dysfunction associated with heritable and aging-related diseases.