4.5 Review

Multimodal imaging in pachychoroid spectrum

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Evaluation of the choroidal features in pachychoroid spectrum diseases by optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

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Summary: This study evaluated choroidal parameters in eyes with different chorioretinal diseases using enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography. The findings suggest that choroidal vessels and stroma are equally involved in these diseases, while the choriocapillaris segment seems to be more affected in central serous chorioretinopathy compared to uncomplicated pachychoroid and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy. Further studies with higher quality imaging tools are needed to confirm these results.

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Tingting Liu et al.

Summary: This study in Chinese patients with CSCR found that 7.23% of patients had CNV, with age and duration of CSCR being correlated with CNV occurrence. FIPED was present in all eyes with CNV, and the width and area of PED were greater in the CNV group. Female gender and poor vision were identified as risk factors for CNV in CSCR eyes. Additionally, choroidal thickness was significantly different between eyes with CNV and eyes without CNV.

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Classification of pachychoroid disease on ultrawide-field indocyanine green angiography using auto-machine learning platform

In Ki Kim et al.

Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of classifying pachychoroid disease on ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (UWF ICGA) images using an automated machine-learning platform. The results showed that the performance of the models was comparable to that of retinal specialists and superior to ophthalmic residents.

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Optical coherence tomography angiography for visualization of retinal capillary plexuses in pachychoroid neovasculopathy

Ceying Shen et al.

Summary: Retinal capillary plexus alterations were evaluated in patients with PNV using OCTA, revealing lower vascular densities in the macular region of PNV patients compared to controls. This could be due to chronic impairment of nutrient supply or choroidal ischemia in PNV.

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Drusen and pachydrusen: the definition, pathogenesis, and clinical significance

Xinyuan Zhang et al.

Summary: The pachychoroid disease spectrum includes various retinal conditions with a focus on Drusen and pachydrusen. While these conditions are related, there are still differences in terms of phenotype, genotype, and pathogenesis that need to be further explored for clinical significance.
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Comparison of Regional Differences in the Choroidal Thickness between Patients with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Classic Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration

Young Ho Kim et al.

Summary: The choroid thickness in the macular region was significantly thicker than in the extramacular area in normal subjects. Age had a significant impact on subfoveal choroidal thickness and nasal peripapillary choroidal thickness. The regional difference in choroidal thickness was influenced by sex, nasal peripapillary choroidal thickness, and macular neovascularization group.

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SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY

Feiyan Ma et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multispectral imaging (MSI) for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Results showed that MSI allowed noninvasive visualization of polypoidal lesions and branching vascular networks.

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The implications of subretinal fluid in pachychoroid neovasculopathy

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Summary: This study found that exudative pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and non-exudative PNV can be classified into separate entities with different clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes. Non-exudative PNV may be a significant precursor lesion of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, while exudative PNV may share the same pathophysiology as central serous chorioretinopathy.

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Pachydrusen, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, and punctate hyperfluorescent spots

Hyun Goo Kang et al.

Summary: The study discovered an association between pachydrusen and PHS in patients with PCV or PNV, with frequent localization of new drusen to these choroidal lesions observed over long-term follow-up. PHS may be a form of late-staining forme fruste drusen, possibly associated with micro-ischemic changes to the choriocapillaris.

GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY (2021)

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Richard F. Spaide et al.

Summary: The study evaluated choroidal vascular patterns of patients with pachychoroid-related diseases in wide-field indocyanine green angiography images. The findings revealed variations in venous anastomoses between vortex vein systems among different diseases.

RETINA-THE JOURNAL OF RETINAL AND VITREOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Macular neovascularization in eyes with pachydrusen

Kelvin Yi Chong Teo et al.

Summary: The study found no significant difference in the rate of progression to exudative MNV between eyes with soft drusen and pachydrusen. Pachydrusen was more associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy subtype compared to soft drusen, and the location of exudation was co-localized with soft drusen but not pachydrusen. The rate of increase in soft drusen area was higher than that of pachydrusen.

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Junwon Lee et al.

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