期刊
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
卷 783, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147065
关键词
Miaoplastics; Organic matter removal; Digestion; Microplastics extraction from biological samples
资金
- Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) under POCH funds [PD/BD/135581/2018, CEECIND/01366/2018]
- Portuguese National Funds from MEC
- FCT/MCTES - FEDER, through COMPETE 2020 -Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) [UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020, UIDB/50025/2020 + UIDP/50025/2020]
- national funds (OE), through FCT/MCTES
- European Social Fund
- FEDER, through COMPETE2020 -Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER028740]
Various methods have been used to isolate and identify microplastics from biological samples, with Nile Red staining as an effective technique. Specific treatments can efficiently remove natural organic matter from biological samples for Nile Red staining, producing good results in sample identification.
Many methods have been used to isolate and identify microplastics from biological matrices. In biological samples, Nile Red can stain undigested residues, such as fats, soaps, and gels formed during organic matter removal, hindering the identification of fluorescent microplastics (>= 2 mu m). Thus, adjustments on sample preparation (e.g., fat removal) are required for the accurate identification of Nile Red stained microplastics. Multiples tests allowed to identify that digestion with 10% KOH at 60 degrees C for 24 h, followed by treatments with boiling water, acetone, and staining, produced good results in fourteen biological samples, including vertebrates and invertebrates. Digestion efficiencies were 94-100%, except for feces, which were 87%. Recovery rates of spiked microplastics were 97-100%, and few effects were observed in the infrared spectra and carbonyl index of seven polymers, with only the occasional yellowing suggesting surface changes. Filtration rates were improved by reducing the amount of sample. Small fluorescent microplastics could be identified in all samples under the microscope. Overall, the proposed method was efficient in removing natural organic matter from biological samples for Nile Red staining, requiring minimal sample handling, improving sample throughput, and allowing quantification of fluorescent microplastics in biological samples. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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