Rapid B1-Insensitive MR Fingerprinting for Quantitative Kidney Imaging

Background: MR fingerprinting (MRF) provides rapid and s imultaneous quantification of multiple tissue parameters in a single scan. Purpose: To evaluate a rapid kidney MRF technique at 3.0 T in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and patients. Materials and Methods: A 15-second kidney MRF acquisition was designed with 12 acquisition segments, a range of low flip angles (5 degrees-12 degrees), multiple magnetization preparation schema (T1, T2, and fat suppression), and an undersampled spiral trajectory. This technique was first validated in vitro using standardized T1 and T2 phantoms. Kidney T1 and T2 maps were then obtained for 10 healthy adult volunteers (mean age 6 standard deviation, 35 years 6 13; six men) and three pediatric patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (mean age, 10 years 6 3; two boys) between August 2019 and October 2020 to evaluate the method in vivo. Results: Results in nine phantoms showed good agreement with spin-echo-based T1 and T2 values (R-2 > 0.99). In vivo MRF kidney T1 and T2 assessments in healthy adult volunteers (cortex: T1, 1362 msec +/- 5; T2, 64 msec +/- 5; medulla: T1, 1827 msec +/- 94; T2, 69 msec +/- 3) were consistent with values in the literature but with improved precision in comparison with prior MRF implementations. In vivo MRF-based kidney T1 and T2 values with and without B-1 correction were in good agreement (R-2 > 0.96, P< .001), demonstrating limited sensitivity to B-1 field inhomogeneities. Additional MRF reconstructions using the first nine segments of the MRF profiles (11-second acquisition time) were in good agreement with the reconstructions using 12 segments (15-second acquisition time) (R-2 > 0.87, P < .001). Repeat kidney MRF scans for the three patients with ARPKD on successive days also demonstrated good reproducibility (T1 and T2:, <3% difference). Conclusion: A kidney MR fingerprinting method provided in vivo kidney T1 and T2 maps at 3.0 T in a single breath hold with improved precision and no need for B-1 correction. (C)RSNA, 2021

Automated summary

The study evaluated a rapid kidney MRF technique at 3.0 T in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and patients, demonstrating its accuracy and reliability in assessing kidney T1 and T2 parameters through experiments on standardized phantoms, healthy adult volunteers, and pediatric patients with kidney disease.