4.7 Article

Stemphylium Leaf Blight: A Re-Emerging Threat to Onion Production in Eastern North America

期刊

PLANT DISEASE
卷 105, 期 12, 页码 3780-3794

出版社

AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0903-FE

关键词

fungi; vegetables; yield loss and economic impacts; disease management; etiology

资金

  1. United States Department of Agriculture National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) Hatch project [NYG-625445]
  2. USDA-NIFA Crop Protection and Pest Management program [2019-70006-30451]
  3. USDA-NIFA Critical Agriculture Research and Extension program [2021-68008-34101]
  4. New York Farm Viability Specialty Crop Block Grant [18 003]
  5. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food/University of Guelph Partnership
  6. Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance
  7. Fresh Vegetable Growers of Ontario
  8. Bradford Cooperative Storage Ltd.

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Stemphylium leaf blight is a global foliar disease of onions, causing small tan to brown lesions that can lead to defoliation and reduced bulb quality. The pathogen can overwinter on infected onion residue and volunteer plants, and asymptomatic weedy hosts can also serve as a source of inoculum.
Stemphylium leaf blight (SLB), caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, is a foliar disease of onion worldwide, and has recently become an important disease in the northeastern United States and Ontario, Canada. The symptoms begin as small, tan to brown lesions on the leaves that can progress to defoliate plants. Crop loss occurs through reduced photosynthetic area, resulting in smaller, lower-quality bulbs. Leaf necrosis caused by SLB also can compromise bulb storage, as green leaves are required for the uptake of sprout inhibitors applied prior to harvest. The pathogen can overwinter on infested onion residue and infected volunteer plants. Asymptomatic weedy hosts near onion fields may also be a source of inoculum. Production of ascospores of the teleomorph (Pleospora allii) peaks in early spring in northeastern North America, often before the crop is planted, and declines rapidly as daily mean air temperatures rise. Conidia are usually present throughout the growing season. Application of fungicides is a standard practice for management of the complex of fungi that can cause foliar diseases of onion in this region. Recent assessments have shown that populations of S. vesicarium in New York and Ontario are resistant to at least three single-site mode-of-action fungicides. Three disease prediction systems have been developed and evaluated that may enable growers to reduce the frequency and/or number of fungicide applications, but the loss of efficacious fungicides due to resistance development within S. vesicarium populations threatens sustainability. The lack of commercially acceptable onion cultivars with sufficient resistance to reduce the number of fungicides for SLB also limits the ability to manage SLB effectively. Integrated disease management strategies for SLB are essential to maintain profitable, sustainable onion production across eastern North America.

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