期刊
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 376, 期 1830, 页码 -出版社
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0219
关键词
otariid; shallow-water blackout; diving physiology; gas management
类别
资金
- South African Department of Science and Technology
- Australian Research Council [DP110102065]
- Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment
- Office of Naval Research (Marine Mammals and Biological Oceanography Program) [N00014-10-1-0385]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory
- North Pacific Wildlife Consulting
- National Science Foundation
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
The study found that fur seals typically exhale during the final 50-85% of their return to the surface to prevent shallow-water blackout, while sea lions do not exhibit this behavior. Fur seals and sea lions are morphologically distinct, but the specific reasons for their gas management behaviors remain unclear.
Management of gases during diving is not well understood across marine mammal species. Prior to diving, phocid (true) seals generally exhale, a behaviour thought to assist with the prevention of decompression sickness. Otariid seals (fur seals and sea lions) have a greater reliance on their lung oxygen stores, and inhale prior to diving. One otariid, the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella), then exhales during the final 50-85% of the return to the surface, which may prevent another gas management issue: shallow-water blackout. Here, we compare data collected from animal-attached tags (video cameras, hydrophones and conductivity sensors) deployed on a suite of otariid seal species to examine the ubiquity of ascent exhalations for this group. We find evidence for ascent exhalations across four fur seal species, but that such exhalations are absent for three sea lion species. Fur seals and sea lions are no longer genetically separated into distinct subfamilies, but are morphologically distinguished by the thick underfur layer of fur seals. Together with their smaller size and energetic dives, we suggest their air-filled fur might underlie the need to perform these exhalations, although whether to reduce buoyancy and ascent speed, for the avoidance of shallow-water blackout or to prevent other cardiovascular management issues in their diving remains unclear. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measuring physiology in free-living animals (Part I)'.
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