Passive immunotherapy with a novel antibody against 3pE-modified A? demonstrates potential for enhanced efficacy and favorable safety in combination with BACE inhibitor treatment in plaque-depositing mice

The imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid ? (A?) peptides and their resulting accumulation in the brain is an early and crucial step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer?s disease (AD). Therefore, A? is strongly positioned as a promising and extensively validated therapeutic target for AD. Investigational disease-modifying approaches aiming at reducing cerebral A? concentrations include prevention of de novo production of A? through inhibition of ?-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and clearance of A? deposits via passive A? immunotherapy. We have developed a novel, high affinity antibody against A? peptides bearing a pyroglutamate residue at amino acid position 3 (3pE), an A? species abundantly present in plaque deposits in AD brains. Here, we describe the preclinical characterization of this antibody, and demonstrate a significant reduction in amyloid burden in the absence of microhemorrhages in different mouse models with established plaque deposition. Moreover, we combined antibody treatment with chronic BACE1 inhibitor treatment and demonstrate significant clearance of pre-existing amyloid deposits in transgenic mouse brain, without induction of microhemorrhages and other histopathological findings. Together, these data confirm significant potential for the 3pE-specific antibody to be developed as a passive immunotherapy approach that balances efficacy and safety. Moreover, our studies suggest further enhanced treatment efficacy and favorable safety after combination of the 3pE-specific antibody with BACE1 inhibitor treatment.

Automated summary

The imbalance between production and clearance of Aβ peptides is a crucial step in AD pathogenesis, making Aβ a promising therapeutic target. Research has shown that a high-affinity antibody targeting Aβ peptides with a pyroglutamate residue at amino acid position 3 can significantly reduce amyloid burden in mouse brains. Furthermore, combining this antibody treatment with chronic BACE1 inhibitor treatment leads to significant clearance of pre-existing amyloid deposits in the brain without inducing microhemorrhages or other histopathological findings.