Island Based Assemblage Pattern and Foraging Profile of Insect Flower Visitors on Aegialitis rotundifolia -a Near Threatened Mangrove Plant from Indian Sundarban

Understanding the association pattern and foraging behaviour of flower visitors is crucial to determine their role in the interaction with plants. To analyse the insect flower visitor association as well as their foraging profile on Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb.-a near threatened mangrove plant, present study has been conducted among four islands of Indian Sundarban for three consecutive years. Results using first three Hill numbers depicted that, the species richness and Shannon and Simpson diversity of flower visitors were higher among the islands situated far from the sea than the islands neighbouring to the sea. NMDS analysis showed moderately ordinate data structure for island-year-based flower visitor association. Furthermore, network analysis for island-based visitor assemblage showed a significantly generalised network with no specialisation among islands. Five abundant visitors were further analysed for foraging profile, where the highest foraging rate was shown by Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793 and the highest handling time was shown by Micraspis discolor (Fabricius, 1798). Moreover, all the visitors except M. discolor showed a significant variation in their foraging rate among different time frames. Furthermore, only M. discolor showed significant variation in their foraging behaviour when compared individually with each visitor in all the time frames. Present findings conclude that, flower visitors showed a generalised assemblage pattern among islands. Both honey bees provided excellent foraging on this plant and butterflies were good foragers too. Therefore, to device conservation strategies for this plant, protection of flower visitors must be of paramount concern.

Automated summary

Understanding the association pattern and foraging behavior of flower visitors among different islands is crucial for determining their role in plant interactions. Results showed a generalized assemblage pattern of flower visitors across islands, with higher species richness and diversity on islands farther from the sea. Different visitors exhibited varied foraging profiles, with honey bees and butterflies being highlighted as excellent foragers. Further research on flower visitor behavior and conservation efforts are recommended.