期刊
NATURE PHYSICS
卷 17, 期 8, 页码 961-+出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41567-021-01238-8
关键词
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资金
- Institute of Basic Science [IBS-R020-D1]
- National Science Foundation [NSF PHY-1748958]
- Human Frontier Science Program [LT000475/2018-C]
- Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- National Science Foundation, through the Center for the Physics of Biological Function [PHY-1734030]
A new class of behavior in active matter has been discovered, where orientational interactions lead to active phase separation. Experimentally, it was shown that self-propelled Janus colloids exhibit non-reciprocal torques that orient particle motion towards high-density regions, resulting in phase separation into fluid-like clusters.
Studies of active matter, from molecular assemblies to animal groups, have revealed two broad classes of behaviour: a tendency to align yields orientational order and collective motion, whereas particle repulsion leads to self-trapping and motility-induced phase separation. Here we report a third class of behaviour: orientational interactions that produce active phase separation. Combining theory and experiments on self-propelled Janus colloids, we show that stronger repulsion on the rear than on the front of these particles produces non-reciprocal torques that reorient particle motion towards high-density regions. Particles thus self-propel towards crowded areas, which leads to phase separation. Clusters remain fluid and exhibit fast particle turnover, in contrast to the jammed clusters that typically arise from self-trapping, and interfaces are sufficiently wide that they span entire clusters. Overall, our work identifies a torque-based mechanism for phase separation in active fluids, and our theory predicts that these orientational interactions yield coexisting phases that lack internal orientational order. Self-propelled particles are shown to orient themselves towards areas of high density, phase separating into fluid-like clusters. This behaviour is unique to active systems, forming a distinct class of motility-induced phase separation.
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