期刊
NATURE METHODS
卷 18, 期 9, 页码 1013-1026出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01206-3
关键词
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资金
- International Society for Extracellular Vesicles
- French Society of Extracellular vesicles
- Societe Francaise des Microscopies
- ITMO BCDE
- INCa [2019-125, PLBIO19-291]
- ERC [670930]
- BBSRC [BB/P006205/1]
- Cancer Research UK [A28052]
- La Ligue contre le Cancer
- Plan Cancer (Nanotumor)
- University of Strasbourg
- INSERM
- UEF Cell and Tissue Imaging Unit, Biocenter Kuopio and Biocenter Finland
- BBSRC [BB/P006205/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [670930] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released by virtually every cell type, with diverse biological activities. Recent advances in live and high-resolution microscopy techniques, combined with innovative EV labeling strategies, provide new tools to study EVs in vivo at the single-vesicle level.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid bilayer vesicles released by virtually every cell type. EVs have diverse biological activities, ranging from roles in development and homeostasis to cancer progression, which has spurred the development of EVs as disease biomarkers and drug nanovehicles. Owing to the small size of EVs, however, most studies have relied on isolation and biochemical analysis of bulk EVs separated from biofluids. Although informative, these approaches do not capture the dynamics of EV release, biodistribution, and other contributions to pathophysiology. Recent advances in live and high-resolution microscopy techniques, combined with innovative EV labeling strategies and reporter systems, provide new tools to study EVs in vivo in their physiological environment and at the single-vesicle level. Here we critically review the latest advances and challenges in EV imaging, and identify urgent, outstanding questions in our quest to unravel EV biology and therapeutic applications. This Review describes the state of the art in imaging extracellular vesicles in animals to study their release, biodistribution and uptake, and covers labeling strategies, microscopy methods and discoveries made in model organisms.
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