Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19

Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

How is Brazil facing the crisis of Food and Nutrition Security during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Carolina Abreu de Carvalho et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the food and nutrition security crisis in Brazil, prompting the government to take emergency measures, but they have not been sufficient to contain the crisis.

PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study (Publication with Expression of Concern. See vol. 401, pg. 90, 2023)

Chaolin Huang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations

Theresa Andrasfay et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced life expectancy in the United States, particularly impacting Black and Latino populations. Projections suggest a stark decline in life expectancy for these groups compared to Whites, with significant implications for health disparities.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic

Lewis F. Buss et al.

Summary: Research indicates that the attack rate of COVID-19 in Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state in northern Brazil, reached 66% in June 2020, rising to 76% by October, higher than the estimated attack rate of 29% in Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, during the same period.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Oncology

Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era

Nelson Pereira Marques et al.

Summary: This study compared cancer diagnoses in Brazil before and during the pandemic, finding a significant decrease in diagnoses across all regions since the pandemic started, with an overall deficit of 35.5%.

SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Characterisation of the first 250 000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data

Otavio T. Ranzani et al.

Summary: A total of 254,288 patients with RT-qPCR-confirmed COVID-19 were admitted to hospitals in Brazil, with an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 38%, rising to 59% in ICU patients and 80% in those on ventilators. The burden of ICU admissions and mortality rates varied across different regions of the country, emphasizing the need for improved healthcare access for critically ill COVID-19 patients, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Researchers Investigate What COVID-19 Does to the Heart

Jennifer Abbasi

Summary: The article discusses reports of myocardial injury and myocarditis among patients with COVID-19.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity

James W. Vaupel et al.

Summary: This article reviews key strands of demographic research on past trends in human longevity and explores possible future trends in life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy has been increasing at a steady pace, leading to a more equal distribution of individual life spans, but there is considerable uncertainty in forecasting future trends.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Beyond deaths per capita: comparative COVID-19 mortality indicators

Patrick Heuveline et al.

Summary: This article discusses various measures based on the number of COVID-19 deaths for comparisons over time and across populations. Results show different outcomes after standardization, with certain regions in Italy, Spain, and the USA having the highest unstandardized rates, while regions in Mexico and Peru have the highest standardized rates. Indirect standardization proves to be a valid alternative for adjusting international comparisons, showing substantial reductions in life expectancies for several populations in 2020.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19

Ziyad Al-Aly et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively describes the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using national healthcare databases, finding increased risk of death and use of health resources beyond the first 30 days of illness, as well as incident sequelae in various organ systems, increased use of therapeutic agents, and evidence of laboratory abnormalities. The findings show a risk gradient according to the severity of acute COVID-19 infection and highlight the burden of health loss experienced by patients who survive the acute phase.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil

Marcia C. Castro et al.

Summary: The study found that COVID-19 in Brazil is spreading rapidly across municipalities with distinct spatial and temporal patterns of clustering, trajectories, and speed. Analysis shows that inadequate policy measures have led to high transmission and mortality burdens. The current surge in cases and deaths, along with the circulation of concerning variants, highlights the need for government to strengthen prevention and control measures.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil

Nuno R. Faria et al.

Summary: A new variant of concern, P.1, with 17 mutations including three spike protein mutations associated with increased binding to human ACE2 receptors, emerged in Manaus, Brazil between November 2020 and January 2021. Molecular analysis suggests P.1 may be 1.7- to 2.4-fold more transmissible and that previous infection may provide 54 to 79% protection against P.1 infection compared to other lineages. Enhanced global genomic surveillance of such variants is crucial for pandemic response.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Analyses of routine statistics and of a national household survey

Mariangela F. Silveira et al.

Summary: Research shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a 20% reduction in childhood vaccination coverage in Brazil, with 20% of children missing vaccinations. Missed doses were most common in the Amazon region and among children from poor families. There is an urgent need to enhance immunization activities to make up for missed doses and reduce geographic and socioeconomic inequalities.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis

Rudi Rocha et al.

Summary: This study in Brazil found that socioeconomic vulnerability, rather than age or health status, significantly impacted the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. Government responses and population behaviors in areas with higher socioeconomic vulnerability played a crucial role in containing the effects of the epidemic. Targeted policies and actions are necessary to protect those with the greatest socioeconomic vulnerability, and this experience may be applicable to other low- and middle-income countries with varying levels of socioeconomic vulnerability.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism