4.8 Letter

Broadband and pixelated camouflage in inflating chiral nematic liquid crystalline elastomers

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NATURE MATERIALS
卷 21, 期 1, 页码 41-+

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NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01075-3

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资金

  1. American Chemical Society's Petroleum Research Fund [573238]
  2. National Science Foundation through the University of Pennsylvania Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR-1720530]
  3. National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant [17-25969]
  4. Army Research Office (ARO) Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DURIP) grant [W911NF-17-1-0282]
  5. National Science Foundation and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center [DMR-1720530]

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This research introduces a method using pneumatically inflating thin membranes of main-chain chiral nematic liquid crystalline elastomers to achieve pixelated structural coloration with broadband spectral shifts in a compact space. The materials can be geometrically programmed to control the size and layout of air channels for color shifting from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. Each channel can be individually controlled as a color 'pixel' for various applications such as cryptography, adaptive optics, and soft robotics.
Living organisms such as fishes(1), cephalopods(2) and clams(3) are cryptically coloured with a wide range of hues and patterns for camouflage, signalling or energy regulation. Despite extensive efforts to create colour-changing materials and devices(4), it is challenging to achieve pixelated structural coloration with broadband spectral shifts in a compact space. Here, we describe pneumatically inflating thin membranes of main-chain chiral nematic liquid crystalline elastomers that have such properties. By taking advantage of the large elasticity anisotropy and Poisson's ratio (>0.5) of these materials, we geometrically program the size and the layout of the encapsulated air channels to achieve colour shifting from near-infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths with less than 20% equi-biaxial transverse strain. Each channel can be individually controlled as a colour 'pixel' to match with surroundings, whether periodically or irregularly patterned. These soft materials may find uses in distinct applications such as cryptography, adaptive optics and soft robotics.

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