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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jessica A. Plante et al.
Summary: The D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral replication and infectivity in human lung epithelial cells, primary airway tissues, and hamsters. This variant may increase transmission in the upper respiratory tract and doesn't seem to significantly reduce vaccine efficacy. Further research on therapeutic antibodies targeting the circulating G614 virus is recommended.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert L. Gottlieb et al.
Summary: The study showed that treatment with bamlanivimab and etesevimab was significantly associated with a reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load at day 11 in nonhospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, compared to placebo. However, bamlanivimab monotherapy did not show a significant reduction in viral load. Ongoing clinical trials will focus on assessing the clinical benefits of antispike neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alexandra Schafer et al.
Summary: The study shows that combined use of hu-mAbs is effective for prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in vivo protection is influenced by intact effector function.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bryan A. Johnson et al.
Summary: The genetic mutation in SARS-CoV-2 resulted in better fitness in some cells but lower replication capacity in human respiratory cell lines. Despite reducing disease symptoms, the Delta PRRA mutant provided protection against rechallenge with the wildtype SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Summary: In a platform trial involving patients hospitalized with Covid-19, among 314 patients who were also being treated with remdesivir, those who received the monoclonal antibody LY-CoV555 did not have better pulmonary function at day 5 than those who received placebo. The trial was stopped for futility.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuele Andreano et al.
Summary: Human monoclonal antibodies have been identified as safe, preventive, and therapeutic tools against COVID-19. Through single-cell sorting from COVID-19 survivors, a large number of spike protein-specific memory B cells have been identified, leading to the discovery of highly effective neutralizing antibodies. The most potent monoclonal antibody, engineered to reduce risk and prolong half-life, has been shown to neutralize both the original virus and emerging variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emma S. Winkler et al.
Summary: This study found that neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2-infected animals require Fc effector functions for optimal protection, reducing inflammation, improving respiratory mechanics, and being associated with diminished immune signaling and tissue repair.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daming Zhou et al.
Summary: The race to develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, is ongoing as these variants have mutations in the spike protein, potentially leading to immune escape. A structure-function analysis of B.1.351 revealed tighter ACE2 binding and widespread evasion from monoclonal antibody neutralization, particularly driven by the E484K mutation.
Article
Microbiology
Dongyan Zhou et al.
Summary: Human neutralizing antibodies demonstrated effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs but were less effective in nasal turbinates, indicating implications for subprotection, reinfection, and vaccine development.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zhuoming Liu et al.
Summary: The study found that antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have escape mutations, different monoclonal antibodies have unique resistance profiles, some mutants are resistant to multiple antibodies while some variants can escape neutralization by convalescent sera. Comparing antibody-mediated mutations with circulating SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed substitutions that may weaken neutralizing immune responses in some individuals, warranting further investigation.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zijun Wang et al.
Summary: Volunteers who received the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed high levels of antibodies and memory B cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, with activity similar to individuals who had recovered from natural infection. However, their efficacy against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants was reduced, indicating a potential need for periodic updates to mRNA vaccines to maintain clinical efficacy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita E. Chen et al.
Summary: The study analyzed antibody neutralization activity against a panel of authentic isolates and chimeric SARS-CoV-2 variants, showing significantly reduced neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 variant first identified in South Africa. Antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent sera, and mRNA vaccine-induced immune sera exhibited decreased inhibitory activity against viruses with an E484K spike mutation, suggesting a need for updated monoclonal antibodies or vaccine adjustments to prevent loss of protection against emerging variants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Constantinos Kurt Wibmer et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus in the B.1.351 variant discovered in South Africa can evade neutralization by most antibodies when expressed, but does not affect binding by convalescent plasma. This suggests the potential for reinfection with antigenically distinct variants and predicts reduced efficacy of spike-based vaccines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuping Xie et al.
Summary: The study found that human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses containing key spike mutations from the newly emerged UK and SA variants.
Article
Cell Biology
Chloe Rees-Spear et al.
Summary: The study found that emerging variants of the coronavirus may lead to reduced neutralization by antibodies induced by vaccines or previous infection, but some samples still retain effectiveness. This highlights the importance of real-time monitoring of emerging mutations and their impact on vaccine efficacy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianding Deng et al.
Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 variant named B.1.427/B.1.429 was identified in California, with increased transmissibility and carrying three mutations in spike protein, including L452R substitution. The variant emerged in May 2020 and became predominant in sequenced cases from September 2020 to January 2021. In vivo viral shedding was increased and antibody neutralization decreased, calling for further investigation.
Article
Microbiology
Pengfei Wang et al.
Summary: The emerging Brazilian variant P.1 shows increased resistance to antibody neutralization, posing a threat to current antibody therapies, but has less impact on the effectiveness of protective vaccines.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Carl Graham et al.
Summary: The interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and the host cell receptor ACE2 is crucial for viral entry, with RBD being the main target for neutralizing antibodies. Mutations in RBD, N-terminal domain (NTD), and S2 subunits of Spike have been found in circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study isolates and characterizes monoclonal antibodies targeting different epitopes on RBD, NTD, and S2 to understand how these mutations affect antigenicity and neutralization resistance.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiaoying Shen et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Bryan E. Jones et al.
Summary: LY-CoV555 is a novel neutralizing antibody derived from a convalescent patient with COVID-19, showing high affinity binding, potent inhibition of ACE2 binding, and strong neutralizing activity. This antibody has entered clinical trials and is being evaluated for various COVID-19 prevention and treatment indications.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Takuya Tada et al.
Summary: Convalescent-phase sera and antibodies elicited by Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccination can still neutralize several SARS-CoV-2 variants effectively, while Regeneron monoclonal antibodies may be less effective against certain variants, suggesting the need for continued surveillance for potential new variants.
Article
Immunology
Sarah Cobey et al.
Summary: When vaccines are in limited supply, expanding the number of people who receive the vaccine by dose-sparing strategies may reduce disease and mortality, although it could potentially increase the risk of vaccine-escape variants. Preliminary evidence suggests that such strategies could slow the rate of viral escape, as long as vaccination provides some protection against escape variants.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tyler N. Starr et al.
Summary: The study mapped mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape binding by certain monoclonal antibodies. These mutations are concentrated in specific lineages of SARS-CoV-2. The authors suggest diversifying the epitopes targeted by antibodies and antibody cocktails to make them more resilient to SARS-CoV-2 antigenic evolution.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Shi et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dora Pinto et al.
Article
Immunology
Ruochen Zang et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
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Immunology
Wafaa B. Alsoussi et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
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Seth J. Zost et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alina Baum et al.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongjing Gu et al.
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Stylianos Bournazos et al.
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Emma S. Winkler et al.
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Alina Baum et al.
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M. Alejandra Tortorici et al.
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Virology
James Brett Case et al.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas D. Goddard et al.
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
M. Jack Borrok et al.
Article
Virology
Paul B. McCray et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2007)
