期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 21, 期 13, 页码 5547-5554出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00923
关键词
Magnetic skyrmion; skyrmion crystal; nucleation; growth kinetics; Lorentz-TEM
类别
资金
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds through Ames Laboratory
- U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11704067]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Early Career Research Program
The study measured the dynamics of Skyrmion lattice formation from the conical phase, finding that the Avrami equation accurately describes the transition process with an initial Avrami constant around 1. An energy barrier with a square-root dependence on temperature and a quadratic dependence on the magnetic field was established, paving the way for precise manipulation of topological spin structures.
The particle-like magnetic skyrmion or skyrmion lattice (SkX) formation has promoted strong application and fundamental science interests. Despite extensive research, the kinetic of the SkX development is much less understood because of the ultrafast spin rotation and high sensitivity to external perturbations. Here, using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we successfully measured the dynamics of SkX formation from the conical phase with precise control of both the temperature and the magnetic field. We discovered that the Avrami equation can accurately describe the transition process with an initial Avrami constant around 1, suggesting that the rate-limiting step for the quasiparticle lattice formation is one-dimensional heterogeneous nucleation of individual skyrmions. A modified Arrhenius rate law is established, with an energy barrier that has a square-root dependence on temperature and a quadratic dependence on the magnetic field. This study paves the way toward precise and predictable manipulation of topological spin structures.
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