期刊
NANO LETTERS
卷 21, 期 13, 页码 5798-5804出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01637
关键词
Tungsten; Irradiation; Hardening; Helium; Dislocation
类别
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51971170, 51922082, 51942104]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFB0702301]
- 111 Project of China [BP2018008]
- Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province [2017KTPT-12]
Tungsten exhibits high strength in extreme environments, but irradiation hardening limits its service life. Research suggests that ultra-high irradiation hardening in tungsten mainly originates from atomic-scale hidden point-defect complexes.
Tungsten displays high strength in extreme temperature and radiation environments and is considered a promising plasma facing material for fusion nuclear reactors. Unlike other metals, it experiences substantial irradiation hardening, which limits service life and presents safety concerns. The origin of ultrahigh-irradiation hardening in tungsten cannot be well-explained by conventional strengthening theories. Here, we demonstrate that irradiation leads to near 3-fold increases in strength, while the usual defects that are generated only contribute less than one-third of the hardening. An analysis of the distribution of tagged atom-helium ions reveals that more than 87% of vacancies and helium atoms are unaccounted for. A large fraction of helium-vacancy complexes are frozen in the lattice due to high vacancy migration energies. Through a combination of in situ nanomechanical tests and atomistic calculations, we provide evidence that irradiation hardening mainly originates from high densities of atomic-scale hidden point-defect complexes.
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