Stellar winds and metal enrichment from fast-rotating Population III stars

Stellar winds from fast-rotating Population III (Pop III) stars have long been suspected to make important contributions to early metal enrichment, as features in the nucleosynthesis of such `spinstars' are consistent with the chemical abundance patterns of some metal-poor stars in the local Universe. Particularly, stellar winds rich in light elements can provide another pathway towards explaining the carbon enhancement in carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. In this work, we focus on the feedback of Pop III stellar winds combined with supernovae (SNe), and derive the resulting chemical signatures in the enriched medium. We explore a large parameter space of Pop III star formation, feedback, yields from winds, and SNe with a semi-analytical model. The predicted pattern of carbon and iron abundances of second-generation stars agrees well with observations of CEMP-no stars ([Ba/Fe] < 0) at [Fe/H] less than or similar to -3 and A(C) less than or similar to 7, under the optimistic assumption of significant mass-loss by winds from massive (greater than or similar to 25M(circle dot)) stars that collapse into BHs without SNe. In this scenario, carbon-rich but iron-free second-generation stars can form in systems dominated by enrichment from winds, gaining trace amounts of iron by accretion from the interstellar medium, to become the most iron-poor and carbon-enhanced stars seen in observations ([Fe/H] less than or similar to -4, [C/Fe] greater than or similar to 2). We conclude that the observed CEMP-no stars can be explained by both our winds + ISM accretion channel as well as the well-studied faint SN scenario. Wind feedback from Pop III spinstars deserves more detailed modelling in early cosmic structure formation.

Automated summary

Stellar winds from fast-rotating Population III stars, combined with supernovae feedback, can result in chemical signatures in the enriched medium. Predicted carbon and iron abundances match observations of CEMP-no stars, indicating a pathway for the formation of carbon-rich, iron-free second-generation stars in systems dominated by wind enrichment. Further detailed modeling of wind feedback from Pop III spinstars is warranted in early cosmic structure formation.