Intrinsic metallicity variation in the intermediate mass type II globular cluster NGC 1261

Globular Clusters (GCs) are now well known to almost universally show multiple populations (MPs). The HST UV Legacy Survey of a large number of Galactic GCs in UV filters optimized to explore MPs finds that a small fraction of GCs, termed Type II, also display more complex, anomalous behaviour. Several well-studied Type II GCs show intrinsic Fe abundance variations, suggesting that the other, less well-studied, Type II GCs should also exhibit similar behaviour. Our aim is to perform the first detailed metallicity analysis of NGC 1261, an intermediate mass Type II GC, in order to determine if this object shows an intrinsic Fe variation. We determined the Fe abundance in eight red giant members using Magellan-MIKE and UVES-FLAMES high-resolution, high S/N spectroscopy. The full range of [Fe/H] for the entire sample from the spectra is from -1.05 to -1.43dex with an observed spread sigma(obs) = 0.133dex. Compared with the total internal error of sigma(tot) = 0.06, this indicates a significant intrinsic metallicity spread of sigma(int) = 0.119dex. We found a very similar variation in [Fe/H] using an independent method to derive the atmospheric parameters based on near-IR photometry. More importantly, the mean metallicity of the five presumed normal metallicity stars is -1.37 +/- 0.02, while that of the three presumed anomalous/high metallicity stars is -1.18 +/- 0.09. This difference is significant at the similar to 2.4 sigma level. We find indications from existing data of other Type II GCs that several of them presumed to have real metallicity spreads may in fact possess none. The minimum mass required for a GC to acquire an intrinsic Fe spread appears to be similar to 10(5)M(circle dot). We find no strong correlation between mass and metallicity variation for Type II GCs. The metallicity spread is also independent of the fraction of anomalous stars within the Type II GCs and of GC origin.

Automated summary

Research on GCs reveals that some Type II GCs exhibit intrinsic Fe abundance variations, and through specific cases, an analysis of metallicity shows different behaviors among different categories of stars. The study also suggests that the metallicity spread in Type II GCs is not correlated with stellar mass or the proportion of anomalous stars.