Research Progress on Fumonisin B1 Contamination and Toxicity: A Review

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), belonging to the member of fumonisins, is one of the most toxic mycotoxins produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide. FB1 has caused extensive contamination worldwide, mainly in corn, rice, wheat, and their products, while it also poses a health risk and is toxic to animals and human. It has been shown to cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the current stage of FB1 contamination, its toxic effects of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, organ toxicity, and reproductive toxicity on animals and humans. The potential toxic mechanisms of FB1 are discussed. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for understanding the occurrence and toxicity of FB1.

Automated summary

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a highly toxic mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioide, causing extensive contamination worldwide in corn, rice, wheat, and their products. It poses health risks and toxicity to animals and humans, inducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular autophagy, and apoptosis. The review focuses on FB1 contamination, its toxic effects, and potential mechanisms, aiming to provide a reliable reference for understanding FB1 occurrence and toxicity.