Hearing loss in inherited metabolic disorders: A systematic review

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) have been observed in individuals with hearing loss (HL), but IMDs are rarely the cause of syndromic HL. With early diagnosis, management of HL is more effective and cortical reorga-nization is possible with hearing aids or cochlear implants. This review describes relationships between IMDs and HL in terms of incidence, etiology of HL, pathophysiology, and treatment. Forty types of IMDs are described in the literature, mainly in case reports. Management and prognosis are noted where existing. We also describe IMDs with HL given age of occurrence of HL. Reviewing the main IMDs that are associated with HL may provide an ad-ditional clinical tool with which to better diagnose syndromic HL. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This review examines the relationship between inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) and hearing loss (HL) to provide additional clinical tools for better diagnosing syndromic HL.