Simultaneous and sensitive determination of uric acid and p-cresol in human urine samples based on activated graphite-supported gadolinium hydroxide

Background: The development of efficient electrode materials for real-time sensing of potentially co-existing molecules in biological fluids has received more attention. In this work, for the first time, we therefore utilize disposable activated graphite-supported Gd(OH)(3) coated onto screen-printed carbon electrode (abbreviated as AG-Gd(OH)(3)/SPCE) for simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid (UA) and p-cresol (PC) in human urine samples. Methods: The AG-Gd(OH)(3) nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple ultrasonication method. Significant findings: As expected, the sensors had an excellent selectivity of UA and PC among other interfering species. Under optimal conditions, the prepared AG-Gd(OH)(3) nanocomposites exhibited maximum performance towards UA and PC determination with a very low detection limit of 0.002 mu M and 0.004 mu M as well as a wide linear range of 0.01.142.0 mu M and 0.01.66.0 mu M, respectively. In addition, the as-prepared electrode was successfully applied for detecting UA and PC levels in human urine samples. (C) 2021 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

This study successfully achieved simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and p-cresol in human urine samples using a disposable activated graphite-supported Gd(OH)3 coated screen-printed carbon electrode. The prepared nanocomposites showed excellent selectivity, low detection limits, and wide linear ranges for the target molecules in biological fluids. This electrode material has great potential for practical applications in real-time sensing of biomolecules.