期刊
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
卷 98, 期 -, 页码 123-130出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.032
关键词
Mitochondria; Reactive oxygen species; ROS; Hormesis; Exercise; Skeletal muscle
资金
- Jena Centre for Systems Biology of Aging (JenAge) - German Ministry for Education and Research (Bundesministerium fur Bildung and Forschung/BMBF) [0315581]
- German Research Association (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) Research Training Group 1715 Molecular Signatures of Adaptive Stress Responses, Jena, Germany
- Swiss National Science Foundation (Schweizerischer Nationalfonds) [SNF 31003A_156031]
- Novartis Foundation for Medical-Biological Research [14C149]
- European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (EFSD/Lilly Research Fellowship Programme)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_156031] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
Hormesis is a process whereby exposure to a low dose of a potentially harmful stressor promotes adaptive changes to the cell that enables it to better tolerate subsequent stress. In recent years this concept has been applied specifically to the mitochondria (mitohormesis), suggesting that in response to a perturbation the mitochondria can initiate and transduce a signal to the nucleus that coordinates a transcriptional response resulting in both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial adaptations that return and maintain cellular homeostasis. In this review we summarize the evidence that mitohormesis is a significant adaptive-response signaling pathway, and suggest that it plays a role in mediating exercise induced adaptations. We discuss potential mitochondrial emitters of retrograde signals that may activate known exercise-sensitive transcription factors to modulate transcription responses to exercise, and draw on evidence from mitochondrial dysfunction animal models to support a role for mitohormesis in mitochondrial biogenesis. Studies directly linking mitohormesis to the exercise training response are lacking, however mounting evidence suggests numerous signals are emitted from the mitochondria during exercise and have the potential to induce a nuclear transcription response, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) being the primary candidate. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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