期刊
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
卷 32, 期 8, 页码 2020-2030出版社
AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020101531
关键词
chronic kidney disease; anemia; mortality
资金
- Vifor-Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma Ltd. In France
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- National Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique
- Amgen
- Fresenius Medical Care
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Baxter and Merck Sharp & Dohme Chibret (MSD France)
- Lilly France
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical
- Vifor Fresenius
- Sanofi-Genzyme
- Wissenschaftliches Institut fur Nephrologie of the Verband Deutsche Nierenzentren
- Keryx
The study found that iron deficiency in patients with nondialysis CKD is associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Interventional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of iron supplementation on clinical outcomes.
Background Approximately 30%-45% of patients with nondialysis CKD have iron deficiency. Iron therapy in CKD has focused primarily on supporting erythropoiesis. In patients with or without anemia, there has not been a comprehensive approach to estimating the association between serum biomarkers of iron stores, and mortality and cardiovascular event risks. Methods The study included 5145 patients from Brazil, France, the United States, and Germany enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study, with first available transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin levels as exposure variables. We used Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), with progressive adjustment for potentially confounding variables. We also used linear spline models to further evaluate functional forms of the exposure-outcome associations. Results Compared with patients with a TSAT of 26%-35%, those with a TSAT pound 15% had the highest adjusted risks for all-cause mortality and MACE. Spline analysis found the lowest risk at TSAT 40% for allcause mortality and MACE. Risk of all-cause mortality, but not MACE, was also elevated at TSAT theta 46%. Effect estimates were similar after adjustment for hemoglobin. For ferritin, no directional associations were apparent, except for elevated all-cause mortality at ferritin 300 ng/ml. Conclusions Iron deficiency, as captured by TSAT, is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and MACE in patients with nondialysis CKD, with or without anemia. Interventional studies evaluating the effect on clinical outcomes of iron supplementation and therapies for alternative targets are needed to better inform strategies for administering exogenous iron.
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