Exploring the relationship between Ln leaching and Ln-O binding energy in monazite (Nd, Sm, Eu)

Understanding the chemical durability of waste forms is important for the long-term deep geological disposal of actinides. However, in-depth investigations on the leaching mechanism of monazite ceramic waste forms remain to be poorly understand. Inspired by the degradation process of Ce-monazite controlled by the fracture of Ce-O bond of (010) surface under the action of permeable water molecules, the relationship between Ln leaching and Ln-O binding energy in LnPO(4) (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu) monazites is investigated by combining dissolution experiments and first-principles calculations. The dissolution experiments are performed in 0.001 mol/L HCl solutions at 363 K. Before and after leaching, the phase compositions of specimens are carefully investigated by refined XRD and GIXRD, and the results confirm that the dissolved phases in contact with the leachate are LnPO(4) monazite. Some specific issues are discussed in detail by first-principles calculations, such as the bond length, charge transfer, electron localization function, and chemical bond properties. Moreover, the boundary conditions of crystal-growing of LnPO(4) monazite are investigated to define the chemical potential that is used to calculate the defect formation energy (Ef) of Ln vacancy in (010) surface. Importantly, the Ef results show the difficulty order of forming a vacancy defect of Ln on (010) surface is Eu > Sm > Nd, which is consistent with the leaching stability of Ln in LnPO(4) (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu) monazite.

Automated summary

This study investigated the leaching mechanism of Ln in LnPO(4) monazites through experiments and calculations, revealing the relationship between Ln leaching and Ln-O binding energy. By analyzing specific issues using first-principles calculations, the difficulty order of forming a vacancy defect of Ln on the (010) surface was found to be Eu > Sm > Nd, consistent with the leaching stability of Ln in LnPO(4) monazites.