期刊
JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES
卷 109, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103248
关键词
Muography; Muon tomography; Muon radiography; Geophysical inversion; Simulated Annealing; Volcanoes; Cosmic ray techniques
资金
- Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion of Colombia (ColCiencias) [FP44842-082-2015]
- Programa de Cooperacion Nivel II MINCYT-CONICET-COLCIENCIAS 2015, Argentina [CO/15/02]
- Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED), Spain under its Thematic Networks Call [517RT0529]
- STFC (UK) [ST/R002606/1]
- Vicerrectoria Investigacion y Extension Universidad Industrial de Santander
- School of Physics, United Kingdom
- Grupo de Investigacion en Relatividad y Gravitacion, Grupo Halley
- Vicerrectoria Investigacion y Extension of the Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/R002606/1, ST/S000747/1, ST/N000277/1, ST/K001337/1, ST/L502492/1, ST/K001841/1, 1430188] Funding Source: researchfish
Muography, an emerging technology using high-energy atmospheric muons for volcanic imaging, successfully reconstructed density differences inside Cerro Machin volcano using a geophysical inversion methodology. The study combined a semi-empirical muon flux model with Metropolis-Simulated-Annealing algorithm, achieving a remarkable density contrast between volcanic duct, encasing rock, and fumaroles area.
Muography or muon radiography is a non-invasive emerging image technology relying on high energy atmospheric muons, which complements other standard geophysical tools to understand the Earth's subsurface. This work discusses a geophysical inversion methodology for volcanic muography, based on the Simulated Annealing algorithm, using a semi-empirical model of the muon flux to reach the volcano topography and a framework for the energy loss of muons in rock. The Metropolis-Simulated-Annealing algorithm starts from an observed muon flux and obtains the best associated inner density distribution function inside a syntetic model of the Cerro Machin Volcano (Tolima-Colombia). The estimated initial density model was obtained with GEOMODELER, adapted to the volcano topography. We improved this model by including rock densities from samples taken from the crater, the dome and the areas associated with fumaroles. In this paper we determined the minimum muon energy (a function of the arrival direction) needed to cross the volcanic building, the emerging integrated flux of muons, and the density profile inside a model of Cerro Machin. The present inversion correctly reconstructed the density differences inside the Machin, within a 1% error concerning our initial simulation model, giving a remarkable density contrast between the volcanic duct, the encasing rock and the fumaroles area.
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